A nonlocal multiscale discrete-continuum model for predicting mechanical behavior of granular materials

Yang Liu, WaiChing Sun,Zifeng Yuan, Jacob Fish
Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA

SUMMARY

A three-dimensional nonlocal multiscale discrete-continuum model has been developed for modeling mechanical behavior of granular materials. In the proposed multiscale scheme, we establish an information-passing coupling between the discrete element method (DEM), which explicitly replicates granular motion of individual particles, and a finite element continuum model, which captures nonlocal overall responses of the granular assemblies. The resulting multiscale discrete-continuum coupling method retains the simplicity and efficiency of a continuum-based finite element model, while circumventing mesh pathology in the post-bifurcation regime by means of staggered nonlocal operator. We demonstrate that the multiscale coupling scheme is able to capture the plastic dilatancy and pressure-sensitive frictional responses commonly observed inside dilatant shear bands, without employing a phenomenological plasticity model at a macroscopic level. In addition, internal variables, such as plastic dilatancy and plastic flow direction, are now inferred directly from granular physics, without introducing unnecessary empirical relations and phenomenology. The simple shear and the biaxial compression tests are used to analyze the onset and evolution of shear bands in granular materials and sensitivity to mesh density. The robustness and accuracy of the proposed multiscale model are verified in comparisons with single-scale benchmark DEM simulations.

KEY WORDS: multiscale discrete-continuum model; staggered nonlocal operator; strain localization; granular materials; homogenization; shear band; anisotropy